The other morning I read the article above as I drank my morning coffee.
"In the first study of its kind, three experts in the study of written language have described the common characteristics that caused three famous scripts -- ancient Egyptian, Middle Eastern cuneiform and pre-Columbian Mayan -- to disappear.
"The study's basic conclusion: Writing systems die when those who use them -- priests or scribes or invaders, for instance -- restrict access to them."
This was an article that I might easily have skimmed or passed by all together. But something seemed strangely familiar about these issue to me.
``The sociological and cultural dimension is crucial,'' said Brigham Young University archaeologist Stephen Houston, the study's Maya specialist. ``Successful systems don't have these prohibitions. Once there's this perception that the writing is only for this function or that function, script death is almost a self-fulfilling prophecy.''
So what was so compelling? First, SVG is a language. As such, it is interesting to learn how linguists and sociologists think languages work, and what makes them succeed or fail. Second, there is something to be observed about how things are adopted in general from a sociological and cultural perspective. So here are some of the things that this article brought to mind for me.
1. Restricting access to communication technologies diminishes the value of those technologies and results in their ultimate demise. This is really no different than Metcalfe's law, which says that the value of a communications system grows as the square of the number of users of the system and Reed's law, which says that the utility of large networks, particularly social networks, can scale exponentially with the size of the network. Another related argument is Andrew Odlyzko's thesis, Content is Not King that connectivity is more important than content. For me this last article speaks to SVG's inherent ability to bridge diverse data sources such as you commonly find in the GIS world. One way to look at organizations like Open GIS is that they realize that the connectivity of GIS databases often provides more value than any of the separate databases separately. I would include the lack of extensibility as one form of access restriction.
2. Conversely, technologies that permit broad adoption thrive. In the 80's the desktop publishing revolution made technology affordable. This provided a means for inexpensive mass communication previously impossible. In the 90's a different kind of freedom was launched by web technologies including HTML, JavaScript, and CSS. This grass-roots technology spread because not only were many of the tools inexpensive or free, but they came from a multitude of vendors. When a new, better tool was released, you could move your content into it easily and inexpensively. Needless to say, that also ensured a different kind of freedom, that is, authors could never be held hostage to one vendor. Vendor's now have to compete on the ease of use of their product, quality of their implementation, price, and integration with other solutions, such as photo-imaging, video editing, and so on. I would add that around the time HTML took off, people began to value extensibility as well. The notion that no language could do everything for everyone was gaining acceptance...metadata, namespaces, and the separation of content and presentation began to become important as people shared the frustration of mixing them in early implementations of HTML.
3. The best communication technology by any objective measure, doesn't necessarily win. Rather the ones that provide the widest access do. The article talks about Mayan and Egyptian languages, but we could also look at the infamous beta vs. VHS in our own times. It is widely understood that the betaMax format was objectively better, but because it didn't achieve wide acceptance fast enough, it was overtaken by the VHS format (which is now being overtaken by DVDs and DVRs, but that's another story.)
Another factor to the success of any language is how it is used and by whom. If a language is constrained to a select group, that group has greater, if not total control over the evolution of the language. But here's where there are differences between SVG as a language and SVG as a technology. In language, one industry's jargon or vernacular is gibberish to the rest of the world. There is often more value to that industry in keeping the language as a jargon. It provides efficient communication through precision and keeps out those who aren't part of the "in-crowd". In contrast, a language that is primarily processed through technology, such as SVG which is most often not read by humans, but rendered by a user agent such as Adobe's ASV, Corel's SVG Viewer, or Batik. Here, the language specification is also precise and hopefully efficient. However, without significant distribution of compliant viewers, SVG content has little value to Internet users or content developers. Also, SVG viewers are non-trivial to build properly and any differences between viewers or between versions of viewers hurts SVG adoption. So SVG only has value if everyone has access to the specification and the specification is embraced widely and consistently. This is not unique to SVG of course, HTML still suffers from differences in HTML browser behavior. The only differences are that HTML has been around longer and so developers have learned workarounds for coding in the browsers they care about as defined by market share. Also, that has gotten easier, as only Internet Explorer 5.x+ for Windows has any significant market share so that's the de facto standard.
But a de facto standard run by a single company is little different than the priests who "protected" the languages described in the article.
"``There's discrimination against everyday use, so that while religion may help a script survive, it does not extend its reach,'' said University of Cambridge
Xmovies Egyptologist John Baines, who collaborated with Houston and Assyriologist Jerrold Cooper of Johns Hopkins University. ``And when the people'' -- or conquerors -- ``begin to identify the religion and its script as something heretical or dangerous, there's nobody left to protect it.''
When languages are associated with a religion or regime that is no longer in vogue, they die a painful death. Try opening a WordStar file recently? How about Word 1.0? Do they look like they did when you had your CPM machine?
When a single company dominates a market and has no need to extend a language beyond it's own immediate needs, languages cease to innovate and therefore don't serve us well either. Moreover, no company can be the best provider in every category of tools, for every field of endevor, forever. Therefore specialized areas like chemestry, manufacturing, engineering, etc. may be held back when their needs are not addressed, or they are addressed by niche technologies which make it difficult, expensive, or even impossible to share their information with people outside their professional cliques such as government regulatory agencies, the general public, and other "downstream" uses of the information they develop.
However, when people from all walks of life experience contribute to a language, it becomes a rich, vibrant, enabler for broad communication between individuals, industries, and governments that is unhindered by language, technology, or location.
I bet the authors of this liguistic study had no idea they knew so much about SVG.